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KHDS collects longitudinal data by revisiting respondents interviewed nearly 20 years ago. It is one of the few household surveys that has data over such a long period and that can address questions concerning long-term effects of childhood circumstances. It provides a unique opportunity to assess who stayed in poverty over this period and why; who moved out of poverty and how.
The sampling strategy in KHDS 2004 and KHDS 2010 was to re-interview all individuals who were household members in any wave of the KHDS 91-94, a total of 6,355 people. The Household Questionnaire was administered in the household in which these Previous Household Members (PHHMs) lived. For all household members alive during the last interview in 1991-1994, but found to be deceased by the time of the fieldwork in 2004 and 2010, information about the deceased would be collected in the Mortality Questionnaire. The next sections provide statistics of the KHDS 2004 and 2010 households.
KHDS 2004
Although the KHDS is a panel of individuals and the concept of a household after 10-19 years is a vague notion, it is common in panel surveys to consider re-contact rates in terms of households. Table 1 shows the rate of re-contact of the baseline households in KHDS 2004, where a re-contact is defined as having interviewed at least one person from the household.
Excluding households in which all previous members are deceased (17 households and 27 respondents), the KHDS 2004 field team managed to re-contact 93 percent of the baseline households. Not all 915 households received four interviews. Unsurprisingly, households that were in the baseline survey for all four waves had the highest probability of being re-interviewed. Of these 746 households, 96 percent were re-interviewed.
Turning to re-contact rates of the sample of 6,353 respondents, Table 2 shows the status of the respondents by age group (based on their age at first interview in the 1991-1994 waves). Re-interview rates are monotonically decreasing with age, although the reasons (deceased or not located) vary by age group. The older respondents were much more likely to be located if alive. Among the youngest respondents, over three-quarter were successfully re-interviewed. Excluding people who died, 82 percent of all respondents were re-interviewed.
Table 1: KHDS 2004 and 2010 Households
KHDS 91-94 |
KHDS 2004 Re-interview Rates |
KHDS 2010 Re-interview Rates |
|
||||
Number of interviews during 1991-1994 |
Re-interviewed |
Deceased |
Untraced |
Re-interviewed |
Deceased |
Untraced |
Total |
1 |
22 |
4 |
15 |
22 |
4 |
15 |
41 |
|
54 % |
10 % |
37 % |
54 % |
10 % |
37 % |
|
2 |
38 |
2 |
6 |
36 |
2 |
8 |
46 |
|
83 % |
4 % |
13 % |
78 % |
4 % |
17 % |
|
3 |
59 |
1 |
9 |
54 |
2 |
13 |
69 |
|
86 % |
1 % |
13 % |
78 % |
3 % |
19 % |
|
4 |
713 |
13 |
33 |
706 |
18 |
35 |
759 |
|
94 % |
2 % |
4 % |
93 % |
2 % |
5 % |
|
Overall |
832 |
20 |
63 |
818 |
26 |
71 |
915 |
|
91 % |
2 % |
7 % |
89 % |
3 % |
8 % |
|
Notes: "Re-interviewed" means that at least one member of the baseline household was re-interviewed. "Deceased" means that all Previous Household Members are reported to be dead. "Untraced" means that no Previous Household Member was re-interviewed. |
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Table 2: KHDS 2004 and 2010 Individuals by Age
|
KHDS 2004 |
KHDS 2010 |
||||||
Age at baseline 1991-1994 |
Re-interviewed |
Deceased |
Untraced |
Re-interview rate among survivors |
Re-interviewed |
Deceased |
Untraced |
Re-interview rate among survivors |
<10 years |
1424 |
150 |
278 |
84% |
1403 |
173 |
276 |
84% |
|
77% |
8% |
15% |
|
76% |
9% |
15% |
|
10-19 years |
1453 |
99 |
431 |
77% |
1523 |
176 |
284 |
84% |
|
73% |
5% |
22% |
|
77% |
9% |
14% |
|
20-39 years |
913 |
291 |
205 |
82% |
891 |
369 |
149 |
86% |
|
65% |
21% |
15% |
|
63% |
26% |
11% |
|
40-59 years |
448 |
146 |
38 |
92% |
397 |
205 |
30 |
93% |
|
71% |
23% |
6% |
|
63% |
32% |
5% |
|
60+ years |
192 |
275 |
10 |
95% |
122 |
352 |
3 |
98% |
|
40% |
58% |
2% |
|
26% |
74% |
1% |
|
Overall |
4430 |
961 |
962 |
82% |
4336 |
1275 |
742 |
85% |
|
70% |
15% |
15% |
|
68% |
20% |
12% |
|
Notes: Sample of individuals interviewed in KHDS 91-94. Age categories are based on age at first interview. "Re-interviewed" means that the person was found and was re-interviewed. "Untraced" means that the person was not found or refused to be re-interviewed. |
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KHDS 2010
The re-contact rates in the KHDS 2010 are in line with the ones achieved in KHDS 2004. Table 1 shows the KHDS 2010 re-contacting rates in terms of the baseline households. Excluding the households in which all PHHMs were deceased, 92 percent of the households were re-contacted.
As in KHDS 2004, households that were interviewed four times at the baseline were more likely found in 2010. Excluding the households in which all members had died, 95 percent of these households were re-interviewed in 2010.
The KHDS 2010 re-contact rates in terms of panel respondents are provided in Table 2. As in 2004, the older respondents, if alive, were much more likely to be re-contacted than younger respondents. In the oldest age category, 60 years and old at the baseline, the interview teams managed to re-contact almost 98 percent of all survivors. The length of the KHDS survey starts to be seen in this age category however, as almost three quarters of the respondents had passed away by 2010.
Table 3 provides the KHDS 2010 re-contact rates by location. More than 50 percent of the re-interviewed panel respondents were located in the same community as in KHDS 91-94. Nearly 14 percent of the re-contacted respondents were found from other region than Kagera. The survey team also tracked panel respondents in Uganda where one percent of the interviewed panel respondents were located.
The location of the untraced respondents is based on the tracking data. More than half of the untraced respondents are reported to be living in Kagera.
Table 3: KHDS 2010 Re-Contact Rates by Location
|
Number |
Location |
% |
Baseline sample |
6,353 |
|
|
Re-interviewed |
4,336 |
|
|
|
|
Same community |
52 |
|
|
Nearby village |
9 |
|
|
Elsewhere in Kagera |
24 |
|
|
Other region |
14 |
|
|
Uganda (a) |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Untraced |
742 |
|
|
|
|
Kagera |
53 |
|
|
Dar es Salaam |
9 |
|
|
Mwanza |
9 |
|
|
Other region |
10 |
|
|
Other country (b) |
8 |
|
|
Not known |
11 |
|
|
|
|
Deceased |
1,275 |
||
Notes: Location for untraced respondents is reported by other household members from the baseline survey who were successfully located, interviewed, and able to provide location information on the respondent. In some cases, this information comes from other relatives or neighbours residing in the baseline communities. |
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.Location of households in 2004:
Note to the figure above: "Traced" means that there was adequate address information for at least one surviving household member during the initial field visits in October - November 2004. Subsequent field work from January - May 2004 yielded additional information, which increased the number of traced households, and this is not reflected in the statistics presented here.
